Unsung Indian Scientist for Ronald Ross's Success

A BITTER TRUTH ABOUT CATTLE REARING AT OUR FARMLANDS

14TH JAN2019

This is the time when our nation is celebrating Lohari in Northern India and Pongal in south. This is the time when our village youth are readying themselves with JALLAKUTTI. Makar sankarati will be celebrated tomorrow with great fun fare as Prayagraj is celebrating Kumbh during this period..

Let me clarify in the beginning that what so ever i am writing it has no political links and i will write only scientific facts , as per my memory. This writing is coming from my heart after seeing many TV channels and their reporting how our cattle are made vagabond and it appears there is no caretaker of cow herd except our congested Goashala. But strangely i could not see any buffalo in the herd. Why it is so ?

As we all know that Agriculture development and domestication of  animals occurred simultaneously..There may be a controversy whether our Sindh valley civilization developed separately or was linked with  Masopatamina civilization but domestication of Bison, a forest animal resulted in development of cattle. At that time our all economy depended on Agriculture , so we preferred a cow who can give milk and its males may be used for Agriculture. Therefore, through out India , a dual purpose cow or cattle breed was developed. The importance of cow was well recognized by the visionary Lord Krishna who gave due recognition to the cow in our society. So much so that he gave second name  as GOPAL ( those who rare cow) to his title . We are all well versed with his taking village cows for grazing and preventing the ladies to sale butter prior use to their family members.

It gives us two important observations of those days. The first was there was no or very negligible cost in raring a cow in the village as it mainly depends on grazing. Its importance was narrated by Krishna to their fellow members by asking them to worship "GOVARDHAN' a hillock that provides feed and fodder to our cattle . The second observation is that mostly this dairy job was carried out by ladies or gopi.

Importance of bullocks in the agriculture field can be judged by depicting his elder brother BALRAM  with PLOUGH OR HAAL. Perhaps this whole story tells the importance of oow in those periods  Importance of cow increased  so much  in the society that they started worshiping cow as their mother- the individual who provides all to our children.Cow was giving milk,butter, bullocks used for ploughing fields while their dung was used for preparing manures.

This feeling of treating cow as mother is re-generated in modern period where great changes has occurred on real ground.

 Time has changed a lot . The most important fact is that cow has not remained main source for carrying Agricultural activities. Instead of bullocks ,we have now tractors which are present in big farms while small farms may also take them on hire and carry the tilling work in shorter time. Instead of cow manure we are having chemical fertilizers . Again bullock carts have been abandoned and rtractors or alike mechanical vehicles are used in the village for transportation.

Another important fact is ban of selling these cattle or their slaughter by any one particularly in north India. Perhaps for this reason our villagers are no longer interested in keeping cattle in their house hold. If Government of India is interested to maintain importance of cow , it has to do some new innovations . Looking to the bitter truth where every thing depends on freebies , one has to think how we can bring back economic importance of cattle in our society.

  

CAN A VETERINARIAN DO HOMEOPATHIC ANIMAL TREATMENT UNDER VET LAW

I have noted in recent times that some veterinarians are finding good results with Homeopathic drugs and are recommending homeopathic treatment in veterinary practices. This let a general curiosity in me what is the position of Homeopathic treatment in Veterinary practices ? Whether our veterinarians are protected by law if any animal during homeopathic treatment die ?

This let me to search the rules and regulations of veterinary practices and VCI in India .I will try to elaborate the matter only with legal points so that we can take future actions to safe guard our veterinary  profession.

As per Veterinary Council of India , you are not permitted to do veterinary practice even though you are possessing a veterinary degree if your name is not included in their or State Veterinary Council Register that means only registered veterinarians are allowed to do veterinary practices in India..  However, if you are a Veterinary teacher in an veterinary institute, you may do the limited veterinary practice ,confined to that veterinary institute , till your services . 

Thus a very peculiar situation arises when a veterinarian , with well recognized veterinary qualification retires from a veterinary college and forgo his registration , as he does not consider it  of any significance for him, even professor of medicine is prohibited by law  to do veterinary practice in the state if he has not renewed his registration. 

See ! a retired  professor who has guided so many students in his post graduate programs is prohibited by law to do veterinary practice or issue a veterinary health certificate in the field ? Should we  not think over this issue. In my opinion if a veterinary teacher with qualified veterinary degree retires , he should be permitted , with out renewing his registration, to continue his veterinary practices till he lives .

I venture to study the law of doing homeopathic practice by a veterinarian  by searching Google Engine. There appears some ambiguity in the matter and perhaps we may interpret the matter with our convenience. The website of regulations for veterinary practices in India (https// indiankanoon.org/doc/1469803/.) clarifies some facts and terms in this regards .

Recognized veterinary qualification means any veterinary qualification included in the first schedule or the second schedule.

Veterinary Medicine means modern scientific veterinary medicine in all its branches and include Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics.

This means a registered veterinarian is allowed to do modern scientific veterinary medicine  and this may include Allopathy, modern Homeopathy and Ayurved 

But if you see syllabus of BVSc and AH which includes Anatomy, Physiology, pathology, pharmacology ,surgery, gynaecology etc  all the books of these subjects  are those which are prescribed in an Allopathic syllabus or our Medical colleges with Allopathic degree. Thus these persons are trained according to the Allopathic pattern of treatment while Homeopathic treatment is considered a separate discipline which require to acquire its own degree. Thus without acquiring such degree , can a registered veterinarian prescribe homeopathic medicines to his patient ? And if the animal dies during treatment, whether he is protected by law ?

A related question will be how we can check other persons not well qualified by prescribing Homeopathic drugs to the animals ? What will happen if they take shelter of court of law ?

I have raised this question on face book and whatsapp and has not received any satisfactory answer of such problem hence posting it on my blog with the hope that a new thinking will solve above problems.

I may add on 25th April,2018 that when VCI acts were passed in the Parliament a question regarding Homeopathy practice was raised by a member. Dr CM Singh the then President of VCI and NAVS, through the Minister told the lok sabha that a Veterinary research institute can conduct a homeopathy drug trial under guidance of a homeopath and the veterinarian can try or recommend this drug only for the treatment . But if a veterinarian wish to do Homeopathy practice, he has to acquire its knowledge as well as he has to register himself for homeopathy practice, then only law can protect him against some adverse eventuality. (This information was shared by Dr Rama Kumar V former Secretary of VCI through face book )

TACKLING AMPHISTOMIASIS AS A VETERINARY PROBLEM

Jabalpur

There are only three trematode infections of our domestic animals which have attracted greatest attention of the scientists and a lot has been worked out and written on these subjects. However, it is also true that these fluke infections are mainly problem of African and Asian countries. Why it is so ?  , As every one will appreciate there is a great climatic difference between these continents and mostly European continent is not conducive for development of these fluke infections in the snails.   Other reason of this difference, beside climatic, is husbandry practices in these continents.. While animal husbandry is confined to large agriculture farms in European and American countries ,it is mostly dependent on agriculture reseduces in African and Asian countries and considered a poor man's way of extra earning. Here, grazing of the animals is a big phenomenon in maintaining the domestic animals; these animals are allowed to let free in marshy lands, barren areas for grazing . They  fulfill their water requirements from local sources which are either in the form of lake, ponds, tanks, rivers , rivulets or even low laying areas filled with rainy water. And these are the great source of trematode infections in our domestic animals. 

 In true sense , history of parasitic diseases is not very old and it is only in late nineteenth century where malaria disease was suspected to be caused by a protozoan parasite . It is not surprising that the  old literature on fluke infections, contain  great emphasis  on  fascioliasis , considering it as main problem of our animals with little attention on amphistomes and schistosomes. This is so in any important veterinary parasitology book including that of Soulsby or old monneign book. It is not very difficult to speculate over this; as we are aware Fasciola hepatica was discovered long back because of ease of its finding in our domestic animals hence this was the fluke first considered causing much harm to the animal industry . Also other  reason for this emphasis was discovery of Lymnea truncatula, as intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica in Australia- a country with emphasis on sheep hasbandry ; therefore, the scientists claimed Fasciola hepatica as an important pathogen for sheep health. Moreover, this snail was amphibious in nature thus giving possibility  of its survival on land as well as in water. However subsequent research found that is is mainly F.gigantica in Asian countries where an obligatory aquatic snail is intermediate host . Again this snail (lymnaea aurricularia or L.accuminata ) is mainly present in perineal water source . This is in contrast to the intermeidate hosts for amphistomes and schistosomes which are present not only in perineal water sources but also temporary water sources. The other reason is increase in number of species of the flukes and snails proportionately in these cases. 

Therefore , we have advocated that along with fascioliasis , two other fluke infections are also problems in India or other Asian and African countries.

Till now , it is a simple story but further work becomes complicated since little attention has been paid on mysteries of amphistomiasis and schistosomiasis. We have written in details on schistosomiasis in a book form that has been published by Springer India in 2012.

Therefore, this write up desires our attention on amphistomiasis where following points are to be considered
Presently, there are three important publications on amphistomes from India
a. A review by BSW Chauhan on amphistomes published in ZSI in 1966 or so
b. Dr SC Dutt Monograph on Paramphistomes and Paramphistomiasis in domestic runinants- published by PAU in 1980
c.Dr NK Gupta ,1993 book on Amphistomes ;systematics and biology- published by Oxford university, New Delhi
If you vet any of these publications , you will observe they are written from a Biologist's view point and many questions and literature which is important to deal the disease has been left as such.
In recent years there are some chapters on aphistomes but again dealing mainly systematics while our view point is dealing the subject  from a Veterinary point of view ,

1. Its very simple to see amphistomes  in  slaughter houses or while conducting postmortem of a animal. This is because opening of stomach or rumen, reticulum, abomasum of any animal ,witnesses presence of amphistomes in these animals.

2.Those who are not well versed with Parasitology, claim these adult  amphistomes for death of the animal

3 But for a Parasitologist it is always difficult to ascribe these adult amphistoomes for any pathology of the animal though there is no doubt that these flukes suck nutrients for their host for survival and reciprocation. All the books of parasitology tell there is no harm or no much harm due to presence of adult flukes in the stomach and it is difficult to refute this opinion.

4. There are more than 20 species of amphistomes prevalent in India but only four have been incriminated for causing pathogenesis ( though persons like Dr SC Dutt have identified about 40 amphistome species and most of them have been synchronized ). But the main question remains why all amphistome species are not considered pathogenic ? Is it due to their low number in nature or little power of infecting  animals ? or no production of any toxic material during its life cycle ?

5. Another problem is that amphistomiasis is considered a problem of young animals and intake of large number of metacercariae simultaneously else smaller doses of metacercariae may not cause any harm to the host. The main reason ascribed for pathology is lodging of a large number of immature amphistomes in duodenum at a time thereby causing sloughing and blockage

6. Do we have technology to identify cercariae of each amphistome species and to calculate which amphistome species is more prevalent in particular area. Is there any relation between prevalence and pathology of the infection

7.Diagnosis of amphistomiasis is again a complicated issue as detecting amphistome eggs in the faeces is not considered pathogenic hence persons have to demonstrate immature amphistomes in faeces of the animals.

8.As detecting immature amphistomes in faeces is more tedious , scientists have developed a method of antigen detection test in faeces which if positive shows animals being suffering from amphistomiasis.

9. However, arguably eggs in the faeces will also turn the test positive hence will it not affect ssensitivity of the test ?
10. In fact, in countries like India, there are multiple infections that occur in an animal in nature and it is very difficult to ascribe importance of each infection in every host species. Perhaps , there are many factors like species of the animal, age , sex and nutritional status which decide pathogenecity of the infection.
11. Though it is simple to control these coprological fluke infections by preventing them not coming in contact with water hence preventing hatching of the eggs , yet it is easy to say then to practice. The future Gobar Dhan yojna may play a great role in controlling these fluke infections .

Nevertheless, i am planning to write all about amphistomes and amphistomiasis with a perspective of a veterinarian point of view and will appreciate to receive any research paper, project report , etc on my mail < drmcagrawal@gmail.com> Like schistosomiasis, i will not hesitate to incorporate any new modern technique that may help in solving the problem provided it cost effective and simple , ; this may be confirmed by reading the chapter "technologies developed" in the referred book.Needless to say that each and every contribution will be thankfully acknowledged in the book . 

WHAT'S A LIFE ?.

1st Nov 2017
what is life ?
This philosophical question has rotated in the minds of every human being , since he started thinking and they have given answers to this question in various ways. I have also raised this basic question in my forth coming book Research guidance in Parasitology.

In my Hindi book "YE HAI HAMARE KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA" (available in Amazone.in) I have opined that no person got peace during his life  where i have cited examples of :Dhratarashtra" or "Pandavs". But even if you read life of our ideal Rama , he perhaps remained perturbed in his later life due to absence of his beloved wife Seeta and how he finished his life- by immersing his body in Saryu river .

Who so ever may be great in his active phase of life ,  every one has to face this last phase of his life , where there is no fire works but only a silence or a wait  -and there is no escape for this phase. We mourn this demise of the person for whole life if he left us in a very young age . But has to accept this bitter fact even for our near and dear one -even if he has crossed any age of his life.

This whole rhetoric is on a news my colleague has transmitted to me yesterday. 

The news is that our Professor Dr Harish Lal Shah has shifted from Jabalpur to Lucknow after crossing the age of 85 years and when the going becomes more tough at Jabalpur. His widow daughter in law with her grown up two children came to their rescue and took them to Lucknow where all will live together at Lucknow. This news once again compelled me to thing over miseries of life . Now ! where is his blue eyed boy Dr HOP Shrivastava ? What happened to his other students residing at Jabalpur ?   

As i knew Prof Shah since 1965, i may be able to describe the events more closely. However, let me clarify that these are my feelings without knowing about theirs as though both of us were living in Jabalpur  ,we remained  wide apart since last twenty years .

I have written much about Dr Shah in my Hindi book , primarily since both of us were in Parasitology and he told us so many things of his life. Though his surname "Shah"suggests him belonging to some other community but he is a chhatriya of Pahadi area of UttarPradesh. In the book i have mentioned how he was promoted to Professor of Parasitology through Madhya Pradesh service commission and joined in 1966 ,Jabalpur Parasitology department and taught us Parasitology. He impressed us by his way of teaching in undergraduate classes then he went to Illinois University for his Ph.D However, his family with three sons remained in Gorakhpur colony of Jabalpur city (where HOP was also residing )  ; His one son was suffering from  muscular atrophy and lost his life when Dr Shah was still at USA . Thus his two sons  remained with him- the elder Hemant joined medical college , Jabalpur, did his MBBS while younger Jayant did BA and joined Army as an Officer. Dr Hemant took MS in gynaecology ,married a Bengali girl and settled at USA with his family. The younger son also married in a christian family belonging to Satna and joined some private company as security officer , after leaving military services  However, Jayant developed some health problems, admitted in Marble city hospital of Jabalpur but his life could not be saved and he expired in 1999 or so; at that time his wife was very young carrying the burden of two children.Every one of us thought that she will make a second marriage as our Professor was also of this thought. However, life has many hidden miseries, she did not marry and now she with her two grown up children came forward to take Dr and Mrs to Lucknow with them so that life of Dr Shah can be less miserable. But what happened to Dr HOP Shrivastava who is residing nearby ? Was he not remained supportive to Dr Shah family ?

It is a open secret that Dr Shah supported  HOP blindly, at all places.So much so, that he does not hesitate to kill the claims of other genuine persons. This i have referred in my Hindi book by narrating an example of interview where neither merit nor seniority was considered only to give professorship to HOP. 

Again when he became President of IAAVP( Indian association for advancement of veterinary parasitology), i requested him to write a book (with my full assistance) describing Indian Parasitology- its achievements and areas for further research; but he did not take up the matter. Frankly i considered it because of HOP

Dr Shah remained to support HOP , what we can call Blindly. Though it was a great puzzle to understand it.

It still remained a puzzle ?

whether Dr shah has a true love for HOP despite all his shortcomings ?

And HOP has used Dr Shah only for his pretty benefits ?

What is the present thinking of the two for each other ?

SHOULD NOT WE CRITICALLY EVALUATE OUR VETERINARY SYSTEM

There are always two schools of thought- one never try to critically evaluate any system- howsoever  old it has become while other school believes to look into the system-what we have achieved and why we have failed to achieve. I belong to second category. With my age of 74 , i have witnessed introduction of Agriculture universities under American land grand pattern in India. The first university came in existence in Pantnagar in 1960. Its reputation in Agriculture prompted PAU,Ludhiana to be second and Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya ,Jabalpur as third Agriculture university of India ; however, this university could not attain equal fame. Perhaps, the main reason was its inclusion of all 6 agriculture colleges and 2 veterinary colleges of Madhya Pradesh in Agriculture university (this was not done in Pantnagar and Ludhiana) and diminishing state professors and head to Associate Professor with creation of Professor's post ,only at Jabalpur. Again, required funds were not  infused to sustain such a large system hence other campuses deteriorated with almost halt of research work. . While Pantnagar encouraged students to become teaching assistant ,during  their post graduate degree program and promoting them directly to Assistant Professor, such facility was again deprived by JNKVV and even intelligent students were forced to join inferior post of senior research assistant . It clearly reveals how human capital at these two places was treated which reflected widely in its achievements.

It was a good idea to encroach vast agriculture land under Agriculture University so that students may do practicals in the field. For this reason, these Agricultural universities were opened in remote areas-away from cities.

While this proved a boon for Agriculture education, the same was not true for Veterinary education. The main reason was training of these student veterinarians was to be given on animal patients which were scar in these places. Therefore, though their hospitals were having good facilities, the students failed to apply these techniques on a large scale. According to some , they were not well trained to perform general veterinary activities.

One important fact emerged that these Indian Agriculture universities abandoned good practices of American system like hourly test, monthly test , earn while you learn but never hesitated to imbibe controversial practices. The main argument of including veterinary science in Agriculture universities was since American and our farmers keep both animals and agriculture hence veterinary was included in these universities though their education syllabus greatly differed . Again, only those students having a BVSc degree were allowed to join post graduate degree program. This created great controversies and citing examples from America first two  Agriculture universities (Pantnagar and PAU ) started college of Animal sciences where both vet and agriculture students were allowed to take up post graduate  program.However neither Agriculture  nor veterinary departments were ready to appoint these students and as a result both colleges of animal sciences have to be closed down. 

Our Agriculture faculty was sent to American universities for doing Ph.D thereby helping India in auguring Agriculture research but when these scientists returned from America after obtaining Ph.D , they did not start research work , but started complaining about meager facilities existing in the country. 

It is half truth that these Agriculture universities were responsible for green revolution or increase in wheat production. In 1965 our erst while prime minister shri Lal Bahadur Shastri was struggling with food problem ,asked people to have a fast for one day in a week and coined the slogan :JAI JAWAN JAI KISAN 'In fact this was dwarf variety of wheat, developed by Dr Norman Barloug (an American scientist) in Mexico which was introduced in the country with the efforts of Dr MS Swaminathan, Head Botany dept at IARI, and Dr C Subramanium, the then Agriculture Minister.

Likewise, it is wrong to give credit to the Veterinarians for taking the country first in milk production. Really it  was an engineer Dr Vargees Kurian, who has no relation with Veterinary or Agriculture education, pioneered operation flood and AMUL model which became so darling that many countries came to adopt the program.Our Veterinary scientists ,instead, started cross cattle breeding program which utterly failed to produce a high yielding milch cow. Moreover, they have not discussed utility of male calf which is used as beef in America but was not possible in India. Similar was the fate of "pichwade ki murgi" where we could not produce a hen  giving more than 200 eggs to the small farmers. Thus there are many questions raised by the public; what is the aim of these agriculture universities ? whether our research is for small farmers or big business houses? How we are treating our Indian scientists ? Why IAS can refuse to implement a research plan without understanding its utility?For example,  how our scientists can undertake large scale trials of their vaccines, diagnostics, drugs etc when these agriculture universities do not have executive powers ?

Why persons are allowed to import technologies on hefty royalty that can be developed easily in our country . Why our scientific organisations in their websites list research highlights or awards without name of the scientist or team of scientist ?

There are many alike questions which need answer.

Now time is changing and so is India. Therefore, it is necessary to look into whole issue of research in our education system so that our new generation can enjoy fruits of growth.Sadly there are scarcity of the books which are  critically evaluating our education or Agriculture system.

I have analysed some of above questions in my memoir in the form of a book  YE HAI HAMARE KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA.(ISBN 978-93-86673-37-4)

This book is published in August 2017  by BLUE ROSE PUBLISHERS, NEW DELHI and is available on Amazone.in , and flipcart .( link : http//:bluerosepublishers.com/product/ye-hai-hamare-krishi-vishwa-vidyalaya/ http//:amzn.in/5efCl62 )

Shortly the book is coming on kindle in e book format so that our young generation may retrieve it when ever they desire so.In contrast to my technical book, published by springers, price of hard copy is only Rs600; our young generation may use e book format on Kindle and it is costing only Rs300.

Long back (perhaps in 1970es) Dr Vinod shah , An Agricutural Scientist , wrote a book critically analysing our agriculture system but I could not find the book. It was based purely on Agriculture.
Recently Dr JS Bhatia has written  following book that deals with Veterinary education and profession in India
A glimpse of veterinary  education in India.
publisher Satish serial publishing house. 403 express tower,commercial complex,azadpur,
Delhi 110033
Hope these books will not vanish so shortly and desired persons will be able to retrieve these books.

TO EQUIP OUR VETERINARY UNIVERSITIES WITH MODERN FACILITIES

It is heartening to note that almost all Indian states are interested to open a new veterinary university in their state to augment animal husbandry-an important part to double up farmers' income. Obviously present veterinary universities have been carved from erstwhile State Agriculture universities hence they are lacking some basic facilities to participate in Agriculture growth. There may be different parameters for growth and new equipment for achieving this  growth when we reach in mid of 21st century but presently 3 requirements appear necessary for these universities..These are -our veterinary hospitals, a university library and a department of vet economics and statistics in each and every vet university

VETERINARY HOSPITALS : It must be realized that unlike to Agriculture Universities, these veterinary universities do not require large farm lands hence should be started in or nearby big cities. We have some bad experience in Pantnagar university where vet students were not able to handle and treat good number of animals , merely because that town does not have large animal population. In contrast, big cities like Jabalpur, Patna, Kolkatta etc have good bovine population mainly because these animals cadre milk demand of the big cities. 

However, new developments have lead to shifting of the dairies from city to outskirts hence the existing veterinary hospitals of old veterinary colleges are mainly serving cat and dog population of the city as bovine are shifted about 10-20 km away from the city.; obviously, in such circumstances students fail to acquire good practice on  large animals.

There is also a new development of opening Gaoshala where unproductive and other kind of bovines are maintained. I think it will be a win win position for both the stakeholders if veterinary hospitals/colleges take charge of these animals.

These hospitals should possess not only the modern facility for treatment but arrangements for night stay of staff and students.However , for any progress in veterinary profession, we should, in my opinion,stop equilling our treatment with that of medical science ; there is good time to realize the difference between the two treatments- where as in medical treatment, emotions play a great role while veterinary treatment should mainly  concern with finances. Except pet animals, it is only finances which play great role in healing of the animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop our community medicine to a great extend- mayh be where its principles may be referred by medical fraternity . 

The Veterinary Ambulatory is also needed to fabricate so that it be able to transport large animal beside first aid for treating any type of animals ; presently , it is merely a college bus without any facilities except transporting staff and students.  Ambulatory facility should be in real sense where ailing animal can be  treated and cured, if having minor ailments.  

VETERINARY LIBRARY ; A library is essential in any university, where research and patents become important  beside post graduate research. However, in most of the veterinary univresities, the libraries are in nascnnt form; their condition is pathetic, many library are even with out sufficient staff and funds. I surprised to note that these libraries are not getting funds in every year, they are asking new books on lowest basis; thus the distributors are supplying only old or discarded books where they are able to get 30% discount. Again , neither there is any rules in spending money on text books vis a vis reference books ( it may be important to state that our Veterinary Council of India has made it compulsory to aware our students about history of the subject /veterinary science hence such books should also be purchased). Obviously purchasing of the books should go round the year.
As every university have more than one college and also colleges of  fishrey and college of management. Therefore, there is need to classify our veterinary libraries also.
There is need of a university library which have all the facilities to join any national or international library. There are great advances in library science including digitalization of important documents , hence it wwill be pertinent to change important old books /other documents into digital form to extend their life and easing its transmission.
I am tempted to compare the city library of Sharon ,America with our library and consider there is much more that can be imbibed in our libraries. In America, these city libraries provide facility to every member to open their site at home and may search any book from their home; another important fact is that the website of the library inform other related books in the subject along with table of contents and summary of the book; whether the book is on shelf or issued is also depicted  and all the working is carried out through internet.
Thus there is lot to be changed in our library system , if we wish to utilize this facility in proper way.

DEPT OF VETERINARY ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS  Though important veterinary institutes in India, like IVRI, NDRI or Madras Veterinary college have separate department of veterinary economics and statistics, it is not so in other veterinary universities ; Factually , our VCI has not made this dept mandatory for veterinary colleges, most of the veterinary colleges or state governments are reluctant to open this department in their veterinary college without appreciating its importance. It is important to mention that there is no where a Veterinary Economist or Veterinary Statistician in whole of the state hence the whole subject remains neglected. It is important to mention that every Agriculture college has a separate department of Agriculture Economics but this is wanting in Veterinary colleges because no one has understood its importance
If we want to double up the income of our farmers, it is important to appoint a subject matter specialist of Veterinary economist who may help in identifying animal products that may be in great demand in the people and may fetch a good price for the product. Likewise, there is need of a Veterinary statistician who can maintain animal population of the state and can provide data of animal production and animal diseases..
In my opinion Agriculture Economics has greatly helped in realizing importance of different agriculture produce and same thing will be done when a separate department of Veterinary Economics starts functioning in these new Veterinary Universities.
  

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